Topic
Pseudoreplication
Are my cells (or spots, or technical replicates) really independent samples?
Treating 5,000 cells from 2 donors as 5,000 replicates produces p-values of 1e-200 for effects that would not replicate in a third donor. The unit of replication is the biological sample; pseudobulk aggregation or mixed models restore it.
- How to Avoid Pseudoreplication in Spatial Transcriptomics
A wall of p-values near zero on pooled spots or cells almost always means you counted the wrong thing as your sample size.